Cyber Violence Against Children: Challenges and Consequences in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Abstract

 Introduction: The development of the Internet and digital technologies has significantly changed the everyday life of children, especially those of preschool and adolescent age, opening countless opportunities for education, communication, and entertainment. On the other hand, the digital environment also brings new challenges, among which cyber violence is increasingly recognized as a serious problem, especially in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This form of violence, often hidden and difficult to detect, can have long-term psychological, emotional, and social consequences for the child's development. In modern circumstances, it is necessary to establish a comprehensive and coordinated child protection system through the active role of parents and educational institutions, strengthening awareness and digital skills in children, and adapting the legislative framework to the rapid development of digital technologies.

 Aim: The aim of the paper is to investigate the challenges posed by violence against children via the Internet, analyze its consequences, and present protection measures, with an emphasis on the role of parents, educational institutions, and the legislative framework in the prevention and protection of children in the digital environment.

 Materials and Methods: The study is based on a systematic review of relevant literature, official reports from competent institutions, and statistical data on digital risks for children. Descriptive and analytical methods were applied to assess the situation and propose appropriate solutions.

 Results: Children in Bosnia and Herzegovina spend a significant amount of time on the Internet and social media, which makes them particularly vulnerable to forms of cyber violence, including digital violence, sextortion, grooming, and exposure to inappropriate content. Insufficient digital literacy of parents and limited control further increase the risk. Effective application of legal and institutional measures significantly reduces the frequency and consequences of such violence.

 Conclusion: A safe digital environment requires educating children and parents, the active involvement of educational institutions, and strengthening the legislative framework. The implementation of preventive measures contributes to the protection of children and enables them to develop optimally in the digital age.