Quantitative Analysis of Products with Geographical Indications: Spatial, Temporal, and Structural Perspectives

Abstract

Introduction: In the European Union and other developed markets, systems for the protection of the origin of agricultural products are widely used in practice, while in the Western Balkans, this concept is still in the early stages of development. Protected designations of origin serve as a legal and market mechanism that highlights the specific characteristics of products that are inextricably linked to the geographical area they come from, including the tradition, knowledge, and natural conditions of that region.

 Aim: The primary aim of this research is a quantitative analysis of products with geographical indications in Europe by year, country, and category.

 Materials and Methods: The data used in the research were obtained from the eAmbrosia website, which serves as an online database of agricultural and food products, wines, and spirits that are registered and protected worldwide. It provides direct access to information on all registered geographical indications, including legal protection acts and product specifications. The data was analyzed to identify patterns, regional differences, and potential growth in interest in geographical indications, using descriptive statistical methods.

 Results: The results indicate significant differences between countries, with certain categories being prominently present in specific regions. The dominant years in the observed period, based on the number of newly registered products, are 1996 for both groups of protected designations of origin and 2021 for Protected Geographical Indications. The countries with the highest number of protected products are Italy, France, and Spain for both types of protected designations. This dominance of the listed Mediterranean countries can be explained by their rich tradition of producing specific regional products and their long-standing culture of protecting local food specialties. The most represented product categories under protection are cheeses (Protected Designation of Origin) and fruits, vegetables, and cereals – both fresh and processed (Protected Geographical Indication).

 
Conclusion: This analysis provides a basis for further research on the impact of geographical protection on economic development, the promotion of cultural heritage, and the preservation of traditional production.