Analysis of Complications in Patients with Cushing's Syndrome: A Retrospective Study

Abstract

Introduction: Cushing's syndrome is chronic hypercortisolism that leads to the development of numerous metabolic, cardiovascular, neuropsychiatric, and immunological complications, with a significant increase in morbidity and mortality. Endogenous Cushing's syndrome is most commonly caused by an ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma, and less frequently by an adrenal tumor or ectopic ACTH production. Timely recognition and treatment of complications are crucial for reducing adverse outcomes and improving the quality of life of affected patients.

 Aim: To determine the prevalence of complications of Cushing's syndrome in the form of dyslipidemia and impaired glucose regulation.

 Materials and Methods: This study included a retrospective analysis of 49 patients with endogenous Cushing's syndrome, treated either on an outpatient or inpatient basis at the Clinic for Endocrinology at the University Clinical Center from November 2020 to November 2024. Based on laboratory findings of blood glucose levels in the daily glucose profile and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), the presence of impaired glucose regulation in the studied population was assessed. Lipid profiles were used to classify hyperlipoproteinemias according to Fredrickson's classification. Data were statistically processed using the JASP 0.19.3 software and presented graphically.

 Results: Among all patients, dyslipidemia was confirmed in 69.39%, while 63.27% had fasting or 2-hour postprandial hyperglycemia. Elevated HbA1c levels were recorded in 10.20% of patients, while the majority (89.80%) had HbA1c values within the normal range. Fewer than half of the patients (36.73%) had normal glucose levels. 

Conclusion: The significant prevalence of metabolic disorders in patients with Cushing's syndrome is indicated by the fact that, out of 49 patients, 34 (69.39%) have dyslipidemia, while 31 patients (63.27%) have hyperglycemia.